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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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93
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apr_jun
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05179930.000
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1994-02-27
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<text>
<title>
(May 17, 1993) How The Muslims Would Be Armed
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
May 17, 1993 Anguish over Bosnia
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
COVER, Page 31
How The Muslims Would Be Armed
</hdr>
<body>
<p> Even if Bill Clinton can persuade a balky U.N. Security
Council to open up an arms pipeline to the Bosnian Muslims, it
will not be an easy operation. Administration planners have
only just begun to look seriously at which weapons to send, who
would pay for them and how they would be delivered to landlocked
Bosnia. Light weapons could flow in quickly, but training on
more sophisticated equipment could take weeks.
</p>
<p> U.S. intelligence estimates that nearly one-third of the
50,000 Muslim forces do not have enough heavy weapons. Until
now, they have kept fighting by stealing arms left behind by the
Yugoslav army and clearing smuggling channels through Croatia.
That means they mainly use old Soviet-bloc equipment, and to
save training time, Pentagon officials say, the U.S. may attempt
to tap those former Warsaw Pact arsenals for additional
materiel. Slovak plants could provide T-72 tanks. Small arms,
including the Kalashnikov AK-47 rifle, might be obtained from
Afghan arms bazaars or a sympathetic stockpiler like Syria. To
counter the Serbs' 105-mm artillery pieces and T-72 tanks, the
Muslims could use Western-made counterartillery radar, which
Washington would have to supply directly or through allies. The
Pentagon would want to ship TOW antitank weapons and light
armored vehicles--fast, mobile carriers useful for keeping
forces together--as well. One nonlethal item of great utility
would be tactical radios to improve Muslim command and
communications. Since the U.S. is reluctant to get involved on
the ground, it might turn to Turkey, which already smuggles
weapons to the Muslims, to provide the necessary training
advisers.
</p>
<p> Who would foot the bill depends, of course, on who agrees
to ease the arms embargo. If the Afghanistan war of the 1980s
is any guide, the U.S. might lead the operation, then pass the
hat. The Muslims' current smuggling operations suggest the best
paymasters: oil-rich Islamic countries like Saudi Arabia and the
gulf states that have already shelled out money to Bosnian
Muslim businessmen, who then procure the weapons. The smuggling
routes also suggest how the newly sanctioned equipment would
wend its way to Muslim fighters. Arms are shipped or flown to
the Croatian capital of Zagreb, then transferred into Bosnia by
lighter aircraft and trucks. But all equipment must pass through
Croatia, which has extracted a sizable portion of the weapons
that cross its lands. This Croatian usury is unlikely to
diminish.
</p>
<p> If Croatia suddenly balks at being a stop on the pipeline,
there are chancier options. Heavy equipment can be flown into
the U.N.-controlled Sarajevo airfield--at least until the
Serbs close it down. Ammunition and light weapons can be
parachuted into the region by the same C-130 aircraft the U.S.
has used for humanitarian missions. With arms, though, the
planes would have to fly lower to the ground to ensure that the
weapons reach their pinpointed targets--and do not fall into
Serbian hands.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>